Often, when people think about reptiles, they imagine a vivarium (commonly referred to as ‘viv’ for short). This has historically been a wooden enclosure, varying in size, with a glass front and vents...
There are several common pathophysiological disturbances that result in vasodilatory shock; a brief review of these allows for a more complete understanding of the rationale of behind vasopressor...
The diets used for the elimination part of the trial are called elimination diets. These are sometimes referred to as ‘hypoallergenic’, but as allergenicity of a diet depends not only on the diet but...
Tapeworm and ascarid infections are generally well tolerated. Large burdens can lead to intestinal obstruction, and migrating Toxocara larvae can cause respiratory signs in puppies and kittens....
Complete urinalysis consists of three elements: Gross examChemical examSediment exam.
Typically, when a dog presents to a veterinarian with a faecal examination (Zajac et al, 2002), coproantigen-detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (Elsemore et al, 2017) or real-time...
A thorough history and clinical examination are essential starting points in fracture assessment. Clinical examination should start with an assessment of the cardiovascular and neurological systems to...
This case report describes the approach to, and medical treatment of, complex ventricular arrhythmias in a young dog. Ventricular arrhythmias can present as an incidental finding, as in this case;...
One of the applications of artificial intelligence in veterinary medicine that has been most studied is diagnostic image analysis (Hennessey et al, 2022). This is because large amounts of digital data...
Leishmania infantum is a protozoan parasite transmitted in Europe by sand flies of the genus Phlebotomus, causing canine leishmaniosis. Infection in dogs can remain subclinical, or develop into a...
Many decades of selective breeding has resulted in dogs with mediolateral widening of the skull and rostrocaudal shortening of the muzzle without a proportional reduction in soft tissues of the face....
