Figure 1. The results of classical conditioning – a frightened Spaniel seeks her ‘safe place’ on seeing a camera, that predicts a ‘flash’ that mimics thunder and that predicts loud thunder or firework type sounds.

Sound sensitivity in dogs: protecting emotional welfare and the human–pet bond

With minor variations for breeds with floppy or folded ears, the basic structure and functioning of the majority of dogs' ears is very similar. Designed to capture and funnel sound down the ear canal,...