Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome: a respiratory review

Many decades of selective breeding has resulted in dogs with mediolateral widening of the skull and rostrocaudal shortening of the muzzle without a proportional reduction in soft tissues of the face....

How to approach the bird with respiratory signs

The history may be mild and chronic, such as intermittent sneezing or wheezing, or cases may present in acute respiratory distress. Birds are prey species and will hide signs of illness until disease...