Figure 2. Right parasternal long axis echocardiographic view with colour flow Doppler showing regurgitant flow through the compromised mitral valve. LA=left atrium, LV=left ventricle.

Anaesthetic management of dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

This disease is progressive and degenerative, causing distortion of the mitral valve structure and consequent disruption to the normal haemodynamic function of the heart. In a normal heart, the two...

Figure 2. Canine, transthoracic, 2-dimensional, right parasternal long-axis view. Visible dilation of right atrium and concentric hypertrophy of the right ventricle, especially the right ventricular free wall (*).

Pulmonary hypertension in dogs: an overview

The systemic circulation consists of veins, venules, arteries, arterioles and capillaries, and is a high-pressure system. There is a significant pressure difference between the arterial and venous...