Figure 1. The four distinct phases of intravenous fluid therapy for humans with critical illness (Malbrain et al, 2020).

Care of the acute kidney injury patient

The causes of acute kidney injury can be divided into three categories:.

Figure 2. Try and allow a cat time to acclimatise in the clinic before blood pressure measurement and keep them as relaxed as possible.

Secondary hypertension and its treatment in cats

The aim of treatment is to reverse or ideally prevent target organ damage from occurring, therefore treatment of cats with moderate to high risk of target organ damage is recommended. Clinicians may...