DIY diagnostics: cytology
Abstract
It is possible to take tissue and fluid samples; carry out basic preparation and staining; and evaluate the stained cells, even on a very low budget. An appreciation of the basic principles of sampling, sample preparation and cytological evaluation will assist greatly and improve the chances of gaining valuable information.
Cytological evaluation of tissue and fluid aspirates is a relatively non-invasive and technically simple procedure, which can provide valuable diagnostic information for the clinician on a limited budget. However an appreciation of optimum sampling techniques is needed to get the most out of your samples.
The clinical picture: the gross features of any lesion and presenting signs are likely to provide the clinician with a list of differentials. Consideration of your clinical suspicion should help you decide on the best approach for sampling. There are various options:
Advised for lesions with good exfoliation, expected high fragility or hemodilution, e.g. thyroid lesions or large lymph nodes. However, for poorly exfoliative tissues, this may result in low cellular yield.
Suitable for less exfoliative lesions such as hard, subcutaneous masses, suspected fibroadnexal lesions or where there is limited aspiration on initial sampling. This procedure can produce excellent results, however it may introduce more haemodilution and may lead to cell disruption.
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