Ideally, examination of the feline patient should begin with gait analysis in order to determine which limb(s) is affected, and to identify whether a true lameness is present or whether the patient is...
All statistical analyses were run using Minitab 20 Statistical Software. A chi-squared test was performed to evaluate association between sex and presence of osteoarthritis. The same test was run to...
A two-year-old, male, neutered, crossbreed dog, imported from Portugal was presented with a history of right pelvic limb lameness and intermittent skipping during walks. Gait abnormalities had been...
Clinical signs are primarily associated with excessive catecholamine secretion and, to a lesser extent, with the space-occupying or invasive nature of the tumour (Table 1). Clinical signs may be...
In normal circumstances, deciduous teeth are only present in a puppy's mouth for a few months. These teeth are fully developed at birth and begin to erupt at around 4 weeks of age, starting with the...
Cats have some unique nutritional requirements that differ from dogs, and these peculiarities relate to their origins as hunters, but also render them vulnerable to the negative effects of...
Surgical removal of the mass has been performed in most cases with feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia. However, several studies have also reported medical management with...
The lens is responsible for fine-tuning focused vision, converging incoming parallel rays of light onto the retina. The focusing strength of a lens is measured in dioptres, and this varies between...
Genetic mutations occur in different parts of the genome all the time, and cause genetic differences between individuals, populations and species. Some mutations may be beneficial and provide a...
Chocolate is made from the fermented, dried then roasted beans of Theobroma cacao (Figure 1). After roasting, the shell is removed, and the remaining nibs are ground to cocoa mass which is liquefied...
Hyper-attachment is no longer described in literature about human separation; instead, such literature focuses on different forms of attachment (Ainsworth, 1979), focusing less on specific ‘disorders’...
The age distribution is middle-aged to older cats, with the mean or median age at admission between 7 and 12 years old (Smith et al, 2003; Borgeat et al, 2014; Guillaumin et al, 2020). Male cats are...