Loni Loftus

The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG

Figure 1. Preparation and understanding the dog's needs are key to managing noise-related fears during festive season fireworks.
Clinical

Noise-related fear in dogs

Emotions are relatively short-term affective states typically occurring in situations involving (potential) rewards or punishers (Rolls, 2005). They are complex phenomena and are accompanied by...